The Islamic Republic of Pakistan was established under traumatic circumstances. Pakistan (Land of the Pure) was carved from British India, first by partition in 1947 and later by war with India in 1971. Pakistan is one of the world's major Islamic nations. It is the only remaining trace of the Mughal Empire of Islamic rulers from whom the British extracted control in the 18th and 19th centuries. Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938), one of the several leaders and …showed first 75 words of 886 total…

…showed last 75 words of 886 total…Pathans, Balochis, Mohajirs (Muslim refugees from India), and others. East Pakistan, on the other hand, had an overwhelming Bengali-speaking population. In 1971, after a brief civil war and invasion by India, East Pakistan split away and became Bangladesh. Also in 1971, President Yahya Khan resigned, and Zulfakir Ali Bhutto, the deputy premier and foreign minister, became president of Pakistan. In 1972, Bhutto nationalize some major industries and withdrew Pakistan from the Commonwealth, when some member states recognized Bangladesh.